连接器和 API
数据库连接器为客户端提供了连接数据库服务端的方式，APIs 提供了使用 MySQL 协议和资源的底层接口。无论是连接器还是 API，都可以用来在不同的语言和环境内连接服务器并执行 sql 语句，包括 odbc、java(jdbc)、Perl、Python、PHP、Ruby 和 C。
TiDB 兼容 MySQL(5.6、5.7) 的所有连接器和 API，包括：
- MySQL Connector/C
- MySQL Connector/C++
- MySQL Connector/J
- MySQL Connector/Net
- MySQL Connector/ODBC
- MySQL Connector/Python
- MySQL C API
- MySQL PHP API
- MySQL Perl API
- MySQL Python API
- MySQL Ruby APIs
- MySQL Tcl API
- MySQL Eiffel Wrapper
- Mysql Go API
使用 MySQL 连接器连接 TiDB
Oracle 官方提供了以下 API，TiDB 可以兼容所有这些 API。
- MySQL Connector/C：C 语言的客户端库，是 libmysqlclient 的替代品
- MySQL Connector/C++：C++ 语言的客户端库
- MySQL Connector/J：Java 语言的客户端库，基于标准 JDBC 接口
- MySQL Connector/Net：.Net 语言的客户端库，MySQL for Visual Studio使用这个库，支持 Microsoft Visual Studio 2012，2013，2015和2017版本
- MySQL Connector/ODBC：标准的 ODBC 接口，支持 Windows，Unix 和 OS X
- MySQL Connector/Python：Python 语言的客户端包，和 Python DB API version 2.0 一致
使用 MySQL C API 连接 TiDB
如果使用 C 语言程序直接连接 TiDB，可以直接链接 libmysqlclient 库，使用 MySQL 的 C API，这是最主要的一种 C 语言连接方式，被各种客户端和 API 广泛使用，包括 Connector/C。
使用 MySQL 第三方 API 连接 TiDB
第三方 API 非 Oracle 官方提供，下表列出了常用的第三方 API：
| Environment | API | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ada | GNUAdaMySQLBindings | libmysqlclient | SeeMySQLBindingsforGNUAda |
| C | CAPI | libmysqlclient | SeeSection27.8,“MySQLCAPI”. |
| C | Connector/C | Replacementforlibmysqlclient | SeeMySQLConnector/CDeveloperGuide. |
| C++ | Connector/C++ | libmysqlclient | SeeMySQLConnector/C++DeveloperGuide. |
| MySQL++ | libmysqlclient | SeeMySQL++Website. | |
| MySQLwrapped | libmysqlclient | SeeMySQLwrapped. | |
| Go | go-sql-driver | NativeDriver | SeeMysqlGoAPI |
| Cocoa | MySQL-Cocoa | libmysqlclient | CompatiblewiththeObjective-CCocoaenvironment.Seehttp://mysql-cocoa.sourceforge.net/ |
| D | MySQLforD | libmysqlclient | SeeMySQLforD. |
| Eiffel | EiffelMySQL | libmysqlclient | SeeSection27.14,“MySQLEiffelWrapper”. |
| Erlang | erlang-mysql-driver | libmysqlclient | Seeerlang-mysql-driver. |
| Haskell | HaskellMySQLBindings | NativeDriver | SeeBrianO’Sullivan’spureHaskellMySQLbindings. |
| hsql-mysql | libmysqlclient | SeeMySQLdriverforHaskell. | |
| Java/JDBC | Connector/J | NativeDriver | SeeMySQLConnector/J5.1DeveloperGuide. |
| Kaya | MyDB | libmysqlclient | SeeMyDB. |
| Lua | LuaSQL | libmysqlclient | SeeLuaSQL. |
| .NET/Mono | Connector/Net | NativeDriver | SeeMySQLConnector/NetDeveloperGuide. |
| ObjectiveCaml | OBjectiveCamlMySQLBindings | libmysqlclient | SeeMySQLBindingsforObjectiveCaml. |
| Octave | DatabasebindingsforGNUOctave | libmysqlclient | SeeDatabasebindingsforGNUOctave. |
| ODBC | Connector/ODBC | libmysqlclient | SeeMySQLConnector/ODBCDeveloperGuide. |
| Perl | DBI/DBD::mysql | libmysqlclient | SeeSection27.10,“MySQLPerlAPI”. |
| Net::MySQL | NativeDriver | SeeNet::MySQLatCPAN | |
| PHP | mysql,ext/mysqlinterface(deprecated) | libmysqlclient | SeeOriginalMySQLAPI. |
| mysqli,ext/mysqliinterface | libmysqlclient | SeeMySQLImprovedExtension. | |
| PDO_MYSQL | libmysqlclient | SeeMySQLFunctions(PDO_MYSQL). | |
| PDOmysqlnd | NativeDriver | ||
| Python | Connector/Python | NativeDriver | SeeMySQLConnector/PythonDeveloperGuide. |
| Python | Connector/PythonCExtension | libmysqlclient | SeeMySQLConnector/PythonDeveloperGuide. |
| MySQLdb | libmysqlclient | SeeSection27.11,“MySQLPythonAPI”. | |
| Ruby | MySQL/Ruby | libmysqlclient | Useslibmysqlclient.SeeSection27.12.1,“TheMySQL/RubyAPI”. |
| Ruby/MySQL | NativeDriver | SeeSection27.12.2,“TheRuby/MySQLAPI”. | |
| Scheme | Myscsh | libmysqlclient | SeeMyscsh. |
| SPL | sql_mysql | libmysqlclient | Seesql_mysqlforSPL. |
| Tcl | MySQLtcl | libmysqlclient | SeeSection27.13,“MySQLTclAPI”. |
TiDB 支持的连接器版本
| Connector | Connectorversion |
|---|---|
| Connector/C | 6.1.0GA |
| Connector/C++ | 1.0.5GA |
| Connector/J | 5.1.8 |
| Connector/Net | 6.9.9GA |
| Connector/Net | 6.8.8GA |
| Connector/ODBC | 5.1 |
| Connector/ODBC | 3.51(Unicodenotsupported) |
| Connector/Python | 2.0 |
| Connector/Python | 1.2 |
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